Structure 22 Answers

1. Not only _____ places of beauty; they serve scientific and educational purposes as well.
(A) are botanical gardens
(B) botanical gardens to be
(C) botanical gardens are
(D) to be botanical gardens
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (A) are botanical gardens
– Kalimat diawali ‘not only’
– Not only lazimnya digunakan dalam bentuk inversion
– Not only + auxiliary verb + Subject -> hanya A yang mengikuti pola ini
 
Not only are botanical gardens places of beauty; they serve scientific and educational purposes as well.
Taman-taman botani tidak hanya tempat yang indah; mereka juga memiliki tujuan ilmiah dan edukatif juga.
 
2. _____ quicksand can be found all over the world, little was known about its composition until recently.
(A) Except
(B) Although
(C) Even
(D) Despite
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (B) Although
– Ini adalah pemilihan conjunction yang sesuai untuk kalimat soal
– except = kecuali
– even = bahkan
– despite = meksipun -> = preposition, bukan conjunction, tidak bisa digunakan dengan independent clause
– Conjunction yang paling cocok maknanya untuk kalimat soal adalah although = meskipun
 
Although quicksand can be found all over the world, little was known about its composition until recently.
Meskipun pasir isap bisa ditemukan di seluruh dunia, komposisinya tidak banyak diketahui hingga belakangan ini.
 
3. In 1791 Quebec was divided into two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, ____ were ruled by elected assemblies.
(A) they both
(B) both of them
(C) in which both
(D) both of which
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D) both of which
– Quebec = subject
– was divided = verb
– two sections = object
– ____ were ruled by elected assemblies = relative clause menjelaskan object noun (two sections)
– A salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker (which)
– B salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker (which)
– C salah karena penggunaan in which both tidak tepat
 
In 1791 Quebec was divided into two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, both of which were ruled by elected assemblies.
Pada tahun 1791 Quebec dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, Upper Canada dan Lower Canada, di mana keduanya diatur oleh dewan yang dipilih.
 
4. _____ are a form of carbon has been known since the late eighteenth century.
(A) Diamonds
(B) Because diamonds
(C) That diamonds
(D) Diamonds, which
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C) That diamonds
– has been known = verb dari kalimat utama, bentuk singular (has)
– Kalimat sudah memiliki verb, tinggal bentuk subject yang sesuai yang diperlukan
– A salah karena ada are (verb), akan terjadi duplikasi verb
– B salah karena ada because (conjunction) sedangkan hanya ada 1 klausa dalam soal
– D salah karena ada relative clause marker which, ada koma pembuka untuk menandakan non-defining clause, tapi tidak ada koma penutup
 
That diamonds are a form of carbon has been known since the late eighteenth century.
(Fakta) Bahwa berlian adalah sebuah bentuk dari kabron telah diketahui sejak akhir abad kedelapan belas.
 
5. Designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, _____
(A) the United States was given the Statue of Liberty by the people of France
(B) the people of France gave the Statue of Liberty to the United States
(C) the Statue of Liberty was given to the United States by the people of France
(D) the French people presented the United States with a gift, the Statue of Liberty
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C) the Statue of Liberty was given to the United States by the people of France
– Designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi = modifier (kata, frasa atau klausa yang menjelaskan kata atau sekelompok kata lain)
– Jika di awal kalimat, modifier selalu diikuti secara langsung oleh kata / sekelompok kata yang dijelaskan
– Designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi = Didesain oleh Frederic Auguste Bartholdi
– Yang bisa ‘Frederic Auguste Bartholdi’ adalah ‘the Statue of Liberty’ => C
 
Designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, the Statue of Liberty was given to the United States by the people of France
Didesain oleh Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, Patung Liberti diberikan kepada Amerika Serikat oleh rakyat Perancis.
 
6. _____ by Anna Baldwin in 1878.
(A) The invention of the vacuum milking machine
(B) That the vacuum milking machine was invented
(C) The vacuum milking machine, which was invented
(D) The vacuum milking machine was invented
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D) The vacuum milking machine was invented
– by Anna Baldwin in 1878 = prepositional phrase yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (menerangkan sesuatu)
– by Anna Baldwin = oleh Anna Baldwin, lazimnya digunakan dalam pola kalimat pasif
– A salah karena ‘The invention of the vacuum milking machine’ = noun, jika digunakan kalimat memiliki subject (noun) tapi tidak memiliki verb
– B salah karena ada ‘that’ di depan klausa ‘the vacuum milking machine was invented’ -> That the vacuum milking machine was invented = Fakta bahwa mesin pemerah susu vakum ditemukan (=noun), jika digunakan kalimat memiliki subject (noun) tapi tidak memiliki verb
– C salah karena ada relative clause marker which, jika digunakan -> which was invented by Anna Baldwin in 1878 = relative clause, kalimat hanya terdiri dari subject noun dan relative clause, tidak ada verb
 
The vacuum milking machine was invented by Anna Baldwin in 1878.
Mesin pemerah susu vakum ditemukan oleh Anna Baldwin pada tahun 1878.
 
7. Dry cleaning is the process _____ clothes are cleaned in liquids other than water.
(A) by
(B) which through
(C) by which
(D) through
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C) by which
– Dry cleaning = subject
– is = verb
– the process = object
– _____ clothes are cleaned in liquids other than water. = relative clause menjelaskan object noun (the process)
– relative clause membutuhkan relative clause marker
– A salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker
– D salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker
– B salah karena relative clause which diikuti preposition through, membuat arti kalimat tidak jelas
 
Dry cleaning is the process by which clothes are cleaned in liquids other than water.
Dry cleaning adalah proses di mana pakaian dibersihkan di cairan selain air.
 
8. Sand dunes are made of loose sand ____ up by the action of the wind.
(A) it builds
(B) builds
(C) is building
(D) built
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D) built
– Sand dunes = subject
– are made = verb
– loose sand = object
– ____ up by the action of the wind = relative clause menjelaskan object noun (loose sand)
– Relative clause bisa dalam bentuk
(1) full dengan relative clause marker
(2) ringkas tanpa relative clause marker
– Pilihan jawaban tidak ada relative clause marker
 
Bentuk yang paling tepat:
Sand dunes are made of loose sand built up by the action of the wind.
Ini adalah bentuk ringkas dari:
Sand dunes are made of loose sand (which is) built up by the action of the wind.
Gumuk pasir terbuat dari pasir bebas yang dibangun oleh tindakan angin.
 
9. _____ book Jubilee, which was based on the life of her great-grandmother, Margaret Walker was awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
(A) For her
(B) Her
(C) It was her
(D) That her
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (A) For her
– which was based on the life of her great-grandmother = non-defining relative clause menjelaskan noun Jubilee, tidak digunakan dalam kalimat tidak apa-apa
– Margaret Walker = subject
– was awarded = verb
– Kalimat sudah utuh karena ada 1 subject + 1 verb
– B salah karena akan membuat Her book Jubilee = noun phrase, akan ada duplikasi subject
– C salah karena ada verb (was), akan ada duplikasi verb
– D salah karena akan membuat That her book Jubilee = noun clause yang tidak lengkap
 
For her book Jubilee, which was based on the life of her great-grandmother, Margaret Walker was awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
Untuk bukunya Jubilee, yang berdasarkan hidup nenek buyutnya, Margaret Walker dianugerahi Pulitzer Prize.
Ini adalah bentuk lain dari:
Margaret Walker was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for her book Jubilee, which was based on the life of her great-grandmother.
 
10. Job specialization takes place _____ of production is separated into occupations.
(A) whenever the work is
(B) when the work
(C) is when the work
(D) whenever working
 
Jawaban yang tepat adalah (B) when the work
– Job specialization = subject
– takes place = verb
– is separated = verb
– Ada 2 verb dan tidak langsung saling mengikuti -> perlu conjunction
– A salah karena ada verb is, akan ada duplikasi verb di klausa kedua
– C salah karena ada verb is, akan ada duplikasi verb di klausa pertama
– D salah karena tidak ada article the yang mengawali noun yang spesifik
 
Job specialization takes place when the work of production is separated into occupations.
Spesialisasi pekerjaan terjadi ketika pekerjaan produksi dipisahkan menjadi pekerjaan-pekerjaan.